The Sociological Perspective On Deviance - 1795 Words

Final Assessment Criminology By Kayla Dunn 10/10/2017 When defining deviance, it’s a behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and norms and behavior that departs significantly from social expectations. In the sociological perspective on deviance, there is subtlety that distinguishes it from our commonsense understanding of the same behavior. Sociologists stress social context, not just individual behavior. That is, deviance is looked at in terms of group processes, definitions, and judgments, and not just as unusual individual acts. Sociologists who study deviance and crime look into cultural norms, how they change over time, how they are enforced, and what happens to individuals and societies when norms are broken.†¦show more content†¦An indifferent perspective lays the cause of crime at the feet of individual perpetrators. This point of view holds that individuals are fundamentally or socially responsible for their own behavior, and maintains that they choose crime over other, more serious crime, cours es of action. Perpetrators may choose crime, advocates of this perspective say, because it is exciting, it offers illicit pleasures and the companionship of thrill-seekers, or because it is simply less demanding than conformity. This viewpoint, which we shall call the social responsibility perspective, tends to become increasingly popular in times when the fear of crime rises. Advocates of the social responsibility perspective, with their emphasis on individual choice, tend to believe that social programs do little to solve the problem of crime because, they say, a certain number of crime-prone individuals, for a variety of personalized reasons, will always make irresponsible choices. With this, advocates of the social responsibility suggest crime reduction strategies based upon firm punishments, imprisonment, individualized rehabilitation, increased security, and a wider use of police powers. The social responsibility perspective characteristically emphasizes a form of micro analysis that tends to focus on the individual offender and his or her biology, psychology, background, and immediate life experiences. A noteShow MoreRelatedDeviance : A Sociological Perspective824 Words   |  4 Pagesor protect loved ones. Deviance is used by society to evaluate behaviors that take place during everyday social norms. Usually most individuals agree or conform to certain behavior or actions. Deviance is defined is numerous ways. Researchers believe that deviance is violation of social norms. Some believe deviant behavior is when one is breaking the law or acting out in a negative manner. Individuals use specific words to classify deviant acts from a sociological perspective . There are crimes thatRead MoreSociological Perspectives Of Crime And Deviance1818 Words   |  8 Pageswhy sociology and the theories that go along with it can explain many of reasons people act the way they do in their societal context and situations. The most of what occurs in the film American Gangster can be explained by these theoretical perspectives of crime in sociology. The successes and failures pictured in the movie are explored more thoroughly by using theories such as differential opportunity, anomie, differential association, etc. Though he is eventually caught by Officer Richie RobertsRead MoreThe Concept of Sociological Perspective of Deviance Essays1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of Sociological Perspective of Deviance also known as â€Å"rule-breaking† behavior or â€Å"counter culture† can be defined as culture norms, values, and morals which shape the social acceptance of individuals or group through their actions or â€Å"unmoral or i llegal† behavior. In order to gain a better understanding of Sociological Perspective of Deviance it is important to understand the broad consensus of behavior and its place in society. Situational deviance pertains to a group who engagesRead MoreSocial Deviance : A Sociological Perspective On Deviant And Criminal Behavior Within Sociology1160 Words   |  5 Pageshere are my thoughts! Social deviance is the study of the violation of cultural norms in either formal or informal contexts. Social deviance is a phenomenon that has existed in all societies with norms. Sociological theories of deviance are those that use social context and social pressures to explain deviance. You’ll find these in your readings for this week. Think of the diagram for a functionalist approach to deviance: Great post! You did a nice job defining deviance as a whole. A theory closelyRead MoreThe Theory Of Body Types, And The Y Chromosome Theory1194 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to Sociology March 26, 2016 Deviance Many different theories exist regarding deviance. Biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives have applied their different thought processes to produce many theories. Some of these ideas have been discredited, however some remain significant today. Sociological theories differ from biological and psychological theories by looking at external factors rather than internal ones. Biological theories on deviance are the result of looking for answersRead MoreDeviance Theory Analysis Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance Theory Analysis - Identify Deviance for situations and explain Within any given society, individuals are expected to behave and or conduct themselves in a given acceptable manner. However, there are instances when particular individuals act contrary to the set standards and violate the cultural norms. Such acts may include acts of crime, theft, defiance, breaking of rules, and truancy just to mention a few. Deviance could thus be viewed as the intentional or accidental violation of theRead MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance1292 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterizing deviance All Sociologists characterize deviant conduct as conduct that is seen as disregarding expected standards and principles. Deviance is significantly more than simply basic non-similarity; it is conduct that hauls out fundamentally from social desires. The sociological meaning of deviance puts accentuation on social connection, not ones conduct. Sociologists view abnormality as far as procedures inside of a gathering, judgements and definitions, not generally as curious individualRead MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance987 Words   |  4 PagesQuite frequently in our day-to-day lives we hear the word deviance†, but we never really know the concepts behind it, although, deviance exists in almost every society. It is recognized as a term with many theories behind it which gives an immense range of interpretations of what deviance is and is not. According to Brym and Lie, deviance is defined as â€Å"departure from a norm that evokes a negative reaction from others† (2015:96). In other words, when someone is doing something that the rest of theRead MoreSociology: Value Conflict1346 Words   |  6 Pagesbe free from values is its ability to separate social facts from values. Since sociology is the study of human nature, some sociologists believed that it cannot be obtained. According to Max Weber, individuals view the world from a value laden perspective. It is impossible to exclude feelings, personal views and judgments, since human beings the subject matter for sociology has feelings, emotions and consciousness. Deviant Behavior The concept of a deviant Behavior refers to a sequence of stagesRead MoreCity of God949 Words   |  4 PagesThough my perspective vastly varies from that of sociological theorists, I think we can both conclude that this movie is an extreme representation as to what can occur when society shuns away disadvantaged youths to a place that lacks justice as well as ethical and moral responsibilities. Sociological perspectives regarding crime emphasize the interconnections between conformity and deviance in different social contexts (cite). In the following paper I will attempt to analyze three sociological theories

Analysis Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare - 1466 Words

INTRODUCTION The story of Beowulf is around a chivalrous figure who weathered different trials, who ascents to thrashing a beast by the name of Grendel. Beowulf additionally battles and annihilations Grendel s mother and a blaze breathing monster. It is a story of fearlessness, force and what it intends to be a decent King as sigemund was and what it intends to be an awful King, for example, Heremond. The introduced stories in Beowulf fills a few needs, one is a lesson in courage, a lesson in great legislation, to prepare for the ill-use of force and that war can t be settled by intermarriage. One such story of great influence is that of Sigemund. Sigemund epitomizes the gallant code of honor. Sigemund was a†¦show more content†¦These blessings and others are evidence of Beowulf s worth and worth as a warrior. Beowulf and Sigemund both have what we can allude to as the warrior code of honor. Despite death, they both would rather battle than flee and carry on with a life of d isgrace. An alternate interjected stories that serves as an influential lesson to Beowulf is the story of King Heremond. Hrothgar relates this story for Beowulf in light of the fact that it is an alert against the misuses of force and to tell him of his possible destruction if this way is taken. Beowulf was brave of all rivals and battled to shield his distinction and superbness. Beowulf did not have to tell anybody that he was courageous; he demonstrated to them how daring he was. Beowulf required no sword or shield to ensure him from Grendel when he murdered Grendel with his hands And I provide for you promise, She should not in wellbeing departure to cover, to gritty natural hollow, or backwoods speed, or bay of sea, go where she might. This day with quietness persevere through the load, of each trouble, as I know you will. (903-908). Beowulf hopped in the water to battle Grendel s grieving mother, he didn t know where he was going yet, and he tried for radiance and notoriety de monstrating no alarm. Beowulf shows the qualities of an astute pioneer who can assume responsibility in any circumstance. He governs Geatland

Causes of Broken Family Essay Free Essays

Topic: Broken Family What: Psychological effect of broken family Who: Encounter of Broken Family Where: Philippines Narrowed Topic: Psychological effects of Broken Family in the Philippines. Key Question: 1. What are the psychological effects of broken family in the Philippines ? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Broken Family Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now What are the causes of having a broken family in the Philippines ? 3. Who is the most affected of having a broken family in the Philippines ? Key Questions: 1) What are the Psychological effects of broken family in the Philippines? 1. A broken home can make a child insecure. Insecure in a sense that he no longer had a complete family he can call his own. For a child’s mind, a family is composed of a father, mother and children. And living without either his father or mother will create fear and insecurities in him. This feeling of insecurities will even trigger if he is around his friends who are living a normal, complete and happy life. This is especially true in school events where the parents’ presence are required. There are plenty of school activities that involves the parents and seeing scenes like these will even make him feel ashamed of his family situation. 2. The insecurities, self-doubt and lack of confidence in a child can eventually make him uninterested in school. More often, those who are out of school are products of a broken home. 3. Sometimes a child’s reaction on his parents’ announcement of a divorce is not visible. He keeps to himself the pain, shock and anger he feels. This in turn makes him vulnerable to anger, depression, revenge, alcohol, crimes, drugs and so on. He makes these as his outlets. Too much depression, alcohol addiction and drug dependency, if left untreated, can make him mentally ill or can turn him into a criminal. He may even attempt to kill himself if he can no longer handle all the misfortunes which he thinks is killing him softly. 4. Although, let’s say, one parent is still guiding his child, sometimes the traumatic effect of a divorce is just too much for a child to handle that he may even lost interest in life itself. Published on Nov 28, 2010 by marky chavez Article:knoji ,consumer knowledge 2) What are the Causes of having a broken family in the Philippines? Too many arguments that might lead to divorce and the parents divide their children. But I believe its mostly cause by drugs or money. Too much money leads to arguments and greediness which causes to forget about love and divorce. Too poor leads to depression and arguments and feels like they have to split up and start over. Drugs messes with someones head and they mostly die or the family leaves that person behind for the cause of the children’s growing. But its not all parents, some teenagers runs away from home, of course, with their own reasoning. Some parent’s children die and it causes them to split. For the cause of the child’s growing, they divorce and find some place else. Or sometimes, its work. Not working too much or a workaholic may lead up for a broken family. Or if someone dies, then of course they’re broken inside the most. Article: ,inspiring better grades by mimiemo,Feb 2012 3) Who is the most affected by having a broken family in the Philippines? A broken families affect the child’s performance, attitude and self-esteem. They show statistics that broken families affect much of the child’s emotional and spiritual being, that it greatly distresses the child’s education. The study was conducted on teenagers age 13-16. These ages are the most effective, cause at this age, a person discovers how to confront the problems, and he learns how to live with it. They also establish their own personality at this age, so the researcher took advantage of this factor, because by this, the researcher can see how much a person is affected by this king of problems, if there are other factors which counter the problems he/she faces. Some might use friends and other stuff to forget things and focus on studies. Article: ,inspiring better grades by luigiechica2008, Feb 2011 How to cite Causes of Broken Family Essay, Essay examples

Interview with the Manager of the Tata Motors

Question: Give a discussion of the interview with the Manager of the Tata Motors. Answer: Introduction: In any business organization, the role of a manager occupies an integral part. It is the manager who manages the responsibility to supervise the tasks of the employees working in that particular concern, on which depends the growth of the firm. The presence of a manager in an organization is very much indicative of the evolution that firm is undergoing. Discussion: He works as the negotiator and must possess leadership qualities, he must be able to lead the employees of the organization he is working in, the employees should get motivated and inspired through the ways he manages and leads them and therefore the entire organization (Zikmund et al. 2012). It becomes also very vital for him to perform the role of a good communicator, because it is the manager who acts as the medium between the staff of any company and the director of the company. (McFarland, 2015). Discussion of the interview with the Manager of the Tata Motors: Name of the Manager: Guenter Butschek Designation: CEO and Managing Director No. Of people, he manages 60,000 Years of experience as a manager: More than 25 years Source of information: Research for a project Challenges faced: The manger of the organization seemed to be very satisfied with his roles. When I asked him about the challenges which he faces usually faces while managing the staff, he says, a manager's role is to face various new challenges every single day. He says that as a manager of such a large concern, the issue of communication gap with such a huge staff of the company frequently causes a problematic situation. Another challenge, which he has to take regarding the management of the staff, is the recruitment of the staff, and the decisions to be taken for the appointment of the correct personnel in various departments. This requires prudent decision-making abilities on the manager's part, as it is this on which a part of the firm's growth will actually depend (Peters, 2015). As I asked him to share any difficult situation that he faces, he replies, that a more tough or challenging situation can occur if the communication gap between the staff and the manager increases. Because in such case, the policies and strategies of the firm's growth, as well the issues related to the employees could not be conveyed and solved properly. This in turn may lead to a set back to the company's progress. The works, which make him, feel proud: As I asked the manager to share an experience, which makes can make him feel proud, he says, that the work he has done in so many years of working about which he can really feel proud of, is that of his continuous attempts to remain updated about various information. This has helped him often to introduce innovative techniques. In addition, simultaneously he has built a good rapport with the employees, which really helps him to motivate them by different examples, thereby keeping the entire work go smoothly. This coordination ensures the progress of Tata Motors every day (Gallier Leidner, 2014). Problematic situation faced by him: He shares one of his experiences, in which he had himself taken decisions and devised two or more new facilities thinking about the comfort level of the workers. That was for ensuring good working abilities of the employees. However, that was taken in a negative way by the upper staff and the case went against the manager as the senior leadership thought that he is becoming more inclined towards the workforce. Although later on it proved to be a reason for progress (Badaracco, 2013). This answer inspired me largely. Difference in his opinions before and after he became a supervisor: The manager says very confidently that by being a supervisor or the manager of a reputed company, he has developed his viewpoints and abilities far more than what he used to think and feel before he acquired this designation and was just an MBA student. This was his reply when he was asked by me to share the changes, which has come over the years in his journey from a student to a supervisor. The things he enjoy the most and least: I asked him to reveal the things which he likes the most and least, promptly he says, While leading others, as the manager feels, the one thing that fascinates him largely is the daily learning of different facts related to business and life. However, the least interesting thing about him is the situation where the difference in designation needs to be imposed in certain matters, which is very disturbing for him. The best person he met in his working career and his influence over him: As I asked him, whether he remembers any person who really inspired him in his career, he says, that when he commenced his work in sales departments, he once come across a person who happened to be his manager. The quality in that person which attracted him the most was the way he worked in the same way as the other employees did, thereby inspiring and setting forth an example before them. Summarization: This interview very well gave me an idea of how a manager can successfully perform his duties and work according to the expectations of the company. Conclusion: The information, thus gathered becomes immensely important for a person who is aspiring to reach that position. It has revealed to me, how much indispensable is the role of a manager is for a company, devoid of which an organization cannot progress smoothly (Kerzner,2013). References: Badaracco Jr, J. (2013).Defining moments: When managers must choose between right and right. Harvard Business Press. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. McFarland, W. (2015). Creating" Talent-Enabled" Change Leaders.Public Manager,44(1), 37. Peters, R. S. (2015).The Role of the Head (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J., Griffin, M. (2012).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Ocean Carriers free essay sample

Introduction †¢ Ocean Carriers Inc. owned and operated cape-size dry bulk carriers worldwide. †¢ Major Cargo type : Iron ore. †¢ Vessel sizes : 80000 DWT to 210000 DWT. †¢ Cape-size carriers travel around Cape Horn rather than the Panama Canal due to size constraints. Operations Maintenance Maintaining Supplies And on board Stores Supply of Lubricants Cargo Operations Repairs Insurance Business Model †¢ Mostly chartered on â€Å"time charter † basis for one, three , or five year periods. †¢ Occasionally spot charter market was used too. †¢ Charterer paid a daily hire rate for entire duration. †¢ They controlled where the cargo was  loaded and unloaded and also determined the cargo. †¢ OC Inc. supplied a qualified crew along Brief History †¢ In 2003, the average daily operating costs amounted to $ 4000. †¢ This cost increased annually at 1% due to inflation. †¢ Charterers were not charged for days spent in maintenanc e and repair but operating cost were still incurred. Maintenance Work Time Details †¢ Initially 8 days a year for repairs and maintenance. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Carriers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ This time increased to 12 days per year for ships operating for more than 5 years. †¢ For ships operating for more than 10 years the repair and maintenance days increased to 16 day per year. Operating Policies †¢ Ocean Carriers didn’t operate ships which were more than 15 years old. †¢ As per international maritime regulations they underwent special surveys every 5 years for seaworthiness of the carriers. †¢ As per the norms maintenance costs of ships older than 15 years was too high. †¢ To avoid these costs they sold the ships in scrap or second hand market before SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses †¢ New and Larger vessels compared to industry †¢ So premium is earned compared to market †¢ Too much dependence on basic industries †¢ Not much product differentiation Opportunities Threats †¢ Great demand for iron ore and coal products in a strong economy †¢ Australian production and Indian Exports creating long term demand †¢ Probability of defaulting of Charterer †¢ Future estimates not entirely reliable Case Brief †¢ Background: – Mary Linn, VP Finance at OC Inc is evaluating options whether to invest and if yes how to invest in the new ship to be leased in 2003 †¢ Aim: – To evaluate the various options of capital budgeting, leasing, owning and resale of the new project ANALYSIS Assumptions †¢ Ocean Carriers is a U. S. firm †¢ Discount rate is taken to be 9% †¢ In case of 15 year life of the ship, theresale value in 2017 is calculated by assuming that the ‘then discount rate’ would be 12% †¢ Corporate tax rate is assumed to be 35% (Source: US Federal Reserve Data Release, 2001) Assumptions Continued †¢ Ocean Carriers is located in Hong Kong, where owners of Hong Kong ships are not requ ired to pay any tax on profits made overseas and are also exempted from paying any tax on profit made on cargo uplifted from Hong Kong. †¢ Discount rate is 9% †¢ Inflation rate is 0. 4% (Source: Central Bank of China data release, 2001) Options Available Don’t invest in new ship Build Operate for 15 yrs Sell off or scrapthereafter What to choose? Build Operate for 15 yrs Sell off or scrap thereafter Option. Years Life †¢ The DCF analysis of this option gives us the following results: Option 2 : 25 years life †¢ The DCF analysis of this option gives us the following results: Business Implications of the analysis: Assume the company is based Recommendations †¢ NPVs of both the options are negative †¢ Also, the IRR of both the options are less than the existing discount rate †¢ As a result, we recommend that Ocean Carriers Inc. should not go for the investment in the ship †¢ The tax rate of 35% is considerablylarge †¢ The initial $39 million purchase of the new ship is never fully recovered by expected future revenues since NPV is negative in both the cases †¢ Thus, the investment is too much of a Business Implications of the analysis: Assume the company is based in HK Recommendations †¢ Considering the zero tax assumption, we can see that the NPV of both the options is positive and that for 15 year life is more than the 25 year life †¢ Thu s, assuming the company is based in Hong Kong, the company must go for the 15 year life option owing to the higher NPV Reasons for selecting the 15 years life option †¢ As stated earlier, the NPV of this option is more than the other †¢ As the ship gets older than 15 years, the hire rate starts decreasing more rapidly as seen from Exhibit 4 †¢ As it can be seen from the following graph, the hire rate reduces more rapidly after 2017 Expected Daily Hire Rate vs Age Sell of the ship and don’t scrap †¢ As seen in Exhibit 6, the ship has the potential to generate cash flows even after 15 years †¢ The estimated resale value of the ship at the end of 15 years assuming that the life can be extended up to 25 years is $2,41,78,423 †¢ This value is significantly higher than the  scrap value of $5,000,000 †¢ Also, the company has a policy of not operating the ships older than 15 years old †¢ But, there exists a potential for selling off the ship since some other companies do Continued†¦. †¢ The current inflation was pegged at 0. 4%. But, in case in the future years, say 15 years hence, if the inflati on rises above 0. 4%, then there would be a significant increase in the operating costs and working capital requirements †¢ Thus, the current forecasts for 20 -25 years down the line may not hold good †¢ Thus, even with this case it is better Ocean Carriers Inc. should accept the 3 year contract †¢ Amount recovered by the initial contract is $17,192,594 †¢ Many a times, new ships may not be leased out immediately after delivery because of low demand †¢ But, in this case, the ship can be immediately leased out: meaning it can generate cash inflows immediately on commission †¢ Also, since the client is in utter need of the ship, he may offer the company a premium of 10-15% which is beneficial for Ocean Carriers Inc. Our Recommendations Invest in new ship OC Inc is HK Based OC Inc is US Based Operate it for 15 yrs followed by resale Accept the initial 3 yr contract for Don’t invest in new ship

How to realistically fill your resume when you have no experience

How to realistically fill your resume when you have no experience You need to have a job to gain experience, but you need experience to get a job. At the beginning, just about everyone faces this catch-22. Even jobs that seem like entry-level gigs require a resume as part of your application, so how do you craft your resume to make sure you’re presenting a solid, â€Å"hire me† package even if you don’t have experience yet? Pick a friendlier formatThe good news is that resumes have gotten more flexible over time. It used to be that everyone submitted pretty much the same resume: header + objective + reverse-chronological job history + skills + extras. Now, employers are used to seeing a variety of formats. For job hunters who are forging into a new field or just starting out, it makes more sense to play up your skills- not necessarily your experience. For that, you want a resume that prioritizes your skills and know-how.For example, your resume might break down like this:HeaderObjective/Summary StatementBulleted list of skills, targeted specifically to this job descriptionEducation/CertificationsWork ExperienceThe whole point of your resume isn’t to create some arbitrary cookie cutter version of yourself, it’s to show yourself off in the best possible light. So don’t be afraid to switch up the sections if it means you’re creating a stronger narrative about who you are as an employee.Your resume should build a narrative about you that’s clear to anyone reading it, so you want to put your highlights reel first. Start with a clear statement about who you are and what you’re seeking, then emphasize the skills and strengths that you bring to the job. You should still include a work experience section even if it feels a little sparse, but you can tuck it at the end after you’ve played up your strong points.Realize you have more experience than you think you doYou may not have full-on work experience yet, at least not in the field for which you’re applying. But chances are, you do have some kind of experience, and have built skills along the way. If you’re a student (or a recent grad), think about courses you’ve taken that are relevant to this job or company. This doesn’t mean you should list every class you ever took just to take up space. Think strategically, and pick courses that relate to the job for which you’re applying. Internships are even better, if you’ve got any of those under your belt, because that’s hands-on experience.And don’t forget extracurricular activities. Volunteer experience is often overlooked because people tend to assume that unpaid experience isn’t the same as job experience. Guess what? Volunteer experience is time spent building skills and relationships- both things that look fantastic on a resume. It may seem like your volunteer experience doesn’t necessarily align with the job you want, but you can finesse it. For example, say you volunteered at a kids’ community center but you’re applying for a marketing gig. Think about the tasks you did in your volunteer work. Did you arrange things (organizational skills)? Manage a schedule (time management)? Act as a liaison for people or groups (communication and teamwork)? Create programs or lead anything (leadership)? Take skills that employers value, like ability to work with others, leadership, organization, communication, and try to match up your volunteer experience with those skills.Resist the urge to exaggerate too muchThis is a case where â€Å"fake it ‘til you make it† is not going to help you. If you include skills and experience points that aren’t quite true, you’re running a significant risk of getting caught. Best case, no one questions your whale tales and it gets you the job. All is great until someone asks you to demonstrate the Spanish language fluency you listed on your resume or use that fancy Excel wizardry you claimed to have developed at your last job. Over-exaggerating isn’t really a way to compensate for a lack of experience, and if you’re called out on it, it will be very awkward (not to mention harmful to your prospects of getting the job).Consider certificationAnother way to make up for a lack of specific job experience is to get specific education or certification that prepares you for the job. Are there certifications in your field? Licensing organizations? By going through the process of becoming certified, you’re getting an outside party to say, â€Å"hey, this person is qualified.† And that’s something you can put near the top of your resume to show you’ve got the skills and training- if not years of experience.Remember: it’s all about emphasizing what you do have and framing your resume narrative in a way that shows you’re ready, willing, and able to take the job, no matter how much experience you have (or don’t have).

Discuss at least two of the U.S. Supreme Court rulings in regards to Essay

Discuss at least two of the U.S. Supreme Court rulings in regards to the death penalty and how it has impacted capital punishment in the United States - Essay Example In fact, it was against the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution. In the case of Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407 (2008), involving the rape of a 12 year old girl by his stepfather, the ruling was against the death penalty. It was argued that one should not be sentenced to death since the victim did not die. They laid out debate that it was unfair to kill such a criminal since it was not a capital offense compared to other cases involving outright murder. There is a trend showing that with the passing of time, capital punishments had to be revised so as to allow justice and consistency in the rulings of court. No evidence has shown that the death penalty had an effect on the rate of crime in any state. This was because, if anything, it contributed to murder at all levels and the devaluation of human

The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition Essay

The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition - Essay Example The main goal of this paper is to delineate the inductive argument article of Alston and to critically analyze his arguments about the problem of evil, the principles related to skeptical theism, and if a logical argument of evil can be made possible. This world that we are living in is comprised of a very large extent of suffering. However, classical theism asserts that this world is made possible because of the creation of an omniscient, omnipotent, all seeing, and perfect God. The big question mark here is that why would this all powerful and gentle God develop a world that would include a bunch load of suffering? It is quite antagonistic in the sense that the concept of suffering is paired with good will and love. If it is an omniscient entity, the there should be no small bit of suffering in existence on the lands we are stepping in. Undoubtedly, suffering can be highly accredited to evil, that is, it is a bad thing. And this issue regarding the problem of evil was the principal issue in the empirical and inductive argument of Alston. The considerations regarding the problem of evil was the key variable into the establishment of the philosophical argument oftentimes called the argument from evil. As based on the introductory stages of the article, arguments can come from two different forms namely the deductive reasoning wherein its goal is to establish in a convincing fashion beyond any reasonable doubt, a God does not exist. On the other hand, its inductive reasoning counterpart seeks to promote an ideology that it is very implausible that a God exists to the point that it is beyond consciousness about believing of that God’s existence. Before discussing in detail about the inductive argument of evil and non-existence of God, it would be wise to have a brief account about the deductive version of the argument of evil to gain a

Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Euthanasia - Essay Example Euthanasia can be the choice of the an individual and may be unassisted or assisted, by physicians, family, or friends. However, it should be clear that all variations of euthanasia have been deemed illegal in most locations. Suicide has always been a controversial issue. The moral beliefs of certain popular ideologies deem suicide a great sin, which can lead to the mindset that if you suffer greatly then you probably deserve to and when you die, that is when you were meant to. However, that thinking is not shared by everyone and to impose that mentality and force people to suffer until natural death occurs can be quite unfair. Euthanasia brings up many questions of ethics, morality, personal beliefs, and rights to individual autonomy. Death and Dignity: A Case of Individualized Decision Making, by Timothy E, Quill, is a fantastic example of situation where euthanasia has becomes a real consideration. The case study, told from the doctor’s point of view, is a very moving story involving a physician’s relationship with a particular patient, Diane, who is suffering from leukemia and has optioned to not undergo treatment; she is planning to die with dignity and has decided to take her own life (Quill 692). Doctor Quill’s justification throughout the whole process was supportive of, though not necessarily in agreement with, her decisions. He had worked in a hospice in the past, and he knew the kind of death that awaited her should the treatment not work. He also knew that the treatments available to her had a long list of unpleasant consequences that would diminish the quality of her life considerably. He had the practical experiences to sympathize with her position. He acknowledged that she passed all of the psychiatric competency tests to verify her mental state. She was informed of all of her options concerning treatments, interventions, statistical realities, and had made an informed decision of her own free will. Dr. Quill’s thinkin g throughout seemed to parallel with a utilitarian position. He considered Diane’s options; he weighed the stress upon her family, the quality of her life, however shortened, against all of the alternatives. He justified his logic by believing that the greatest good and least amount of harm would be achieved by supporting and endorsing her choices. He even went so far as to direct her to a reliable source to learn how to end her life successfully. Although, certain kinds of euthanasia are potentially unethical, and each individual should, probably, be best considered on an individual basis. In cases, like Diane’s, when she is making the informed choice concerning her own being then would it not be unethical to impose an alternative upon her or discredit her right to make her own choices. Dr. Quill described Diane as a string and forthright lady and he has no reason to deem her decision incompetent in any way (Quill 293). Besides it is unethical to question someone†™s competence simply because their choice differ from what you consider the â€Å"correct† choice. However, if the same person chose the course of action that agreed with you own then you would never question their competence; of course, they are competent, they agree with you. I think that Dr. Quill made a wholly ethical decision based on his perceived perspective of attempting to promote the greater good and least harm in a completely un-ideal

Environmental Factors Affecting The Operations Management Commerce Essay

Environmental Factors Affecting The Operations Management Commerce Essay Increase emphasis is going towards reduce waste, recycle and reuse product parts. Societies and communities have stressed the need on enteritis whereby controls over waste disposals, global warming and other environmental issues are highly expected. Meeting Environmental quality standards are one of the key main aspects played by operations management The significance of this issue is demon- started by a set of standards termed ISO 14000. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), these standards provide guidelines and a cortication program documenting a companys environmentally responsible actions. Key environmental factors basically affecting operations management can be identifiable as MICRO and MACRO environmental aspects as: MICRO Labor inefficiency Organizational structure Organizational culture MACRO Technology Innovation Market/customers Economic conditions Governmental issues and regulations As far as the Alton Ltd is concerned one of the key environmental aspect can be indicated to be the change in economic environment of UK where the purchasing power of the people goes Down then adverse impacts could be expected. As a result visitors may demand even lower prices than 19 pounds per head having in mind the 2o million pound investments made to improve activities in the park. As a precautionary measure Alton can enter into a hedging deal if the economic conditions expected to be unacceptable. Higher labor cost would be another environmental fact that can bring down the profit margin if the company has no proper control over the number of employees assigned irrespective of peak or off peak. Different perception of work measurement( As far as work measurement is concerned it is a process of establishing the precise time duration that would be efficiently taken by a qualified worker at a designated degree of performance. In the view of work measurement there are number of techniques have been set up to full fill the purpose. Regardless of whatever the technique in use the basis consists of three phases an psychotherapy phase in which the job is spited into convenient, isolated components, commonly known as elements; a measurement phase in which the specific measurement technique is used to ascertain the time required (by a qualified worker working at a defined level of performance) to complete each element of work; a amalgamation phase in which the various elemental times are added, together with appropriate allowances (see below), to construct the standard time for the complete job. The techniques used to measure work can be classified into those that depend on direct observation of work, and those that do not. For example, some techniques, such as pre determined motion systems and the use of synthetic or standard data can provide times from simulation or even visualization of the work. However, the data on which such techniques are based were almost certainly based on earlier observation of actual work. Choosing a measurement technique The choice of a suitable measurement technique depends on a number of factors including: the purpose of the measurement; the level of detail required; the time available for the measurement; the existence of available predetermined data; The cost of measurement. It can be said that there is a tradeoff between some of these critical factors. For example techniques which derive times rapidly may result in relatively less suitable for some processes. Some purposes, such as the establishment of individual performance levels on short-cycle work. The main advantage of structured and systematic work measurement is that it enables a common platform for appraising and comparison of all types of work. The results obtained from work measurement are commonly used as the basis of the planning and scheduling of work, manpower planning, work balancing in team working, costing, labor performance measurement, and financial incentives. They are less commonly used as the basis of product design, methods comparison, work sequencing and workplace design. 2 Task two Various Operation strategies adopted by Tesco Ltd According to the given scenario (scenario 2) Tesco is a leading giant with its core strategic business unit being chain of super markets having its presence in overseas as well. Number of operational strategies can be quoted in the given scenario which is attributable to strategic, tactical and operational levels. According to Tesco with its reputation to value as a strategic measure it has launched a web page that facilitated non food items as well as financial services As per the tactical aspect Tesco has introduced different formats for shopping accompanied by It assisted improved customer relations that will affect long term sustainability of the entity Through operations management Tesco will be in a position to maintain its critical success factors like Own Brand image and tightened supplier relations that gains cost advantage, in turn will add value to its short, intermediate and long term decisions in a more favorable manner. For an example, given the fact its sales growth reads around 21.9%. Cost allocations, budget preparations and controlling distributions to high sale segments and assigning employees to appropriate outlets can be strategically determined through effective and efficient operations management. Strategic importance of operations management in the decision making process 3 Task three When it comes to designing of a product or services number of factors will affect the process such as Customer expectation Threat of substitutability Product or service viability Restrictions from government and various social organizations Access to raw materials and effect on the existing product portfolio. Conversely, if the designing stage can be implemented successfully then the company would end up with high earning potentials that will also contribute to stakeholder wealth maximization. Long term sustainability may also be foothold on that particular new designed product enabling newly emerged markets etc.. 4 Task four Capacity planning and control is an issue which is faced by almost every process in a given organization. Furthermore it can affect directly to the efficiency and effectiveness of the operation. Capacity planning and control is concerned with making sure there is some level of balance between demand placed on an operation and its ability to fulfill the demand. If an operation has too much capacity at any point in time it will be underutilizing it resources, paying out for machinery and facilities and often paying its staff but, because demand is lower than capacity, its costs are spread over two few customers. As a result the cost per customer will be very high. If it has too little capacity, its costs will be low (because its facilities will be fully utilized)however its capacity will be very poor as it is either turning customer away or making them wait for their product s or services. In light of this, it will undermine the companys success towards the future. Therefore there are serious consequences of getting the balance between demand and capacity wrong. Tesco can gain cost benefits with more appropriate allocation of supermarket space for fast moving items and also allocating employees at correct capacity without inputting more labor nor inputs that will lead to diminishing returns. Decisions are aimed at providing the total amount of capacity at the right place at the precise time. There are number of factors to be looked into before arriving at its final decision on where to establish, but the ideal locations are where the costs are at lowest. When it comes to the long term view capacity planning is largely determined by the size of the facilities provided. Like availability of a trained workforce, staffing levels in terms of market demand and need to make the stable workforce, number of people in operations, cost of land and premises. In the short course available capacity must be allocated for the relevant task by scheduling the number of people. Equipment etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Inventory planning and control systems Inventory control system is a process for managing and locating objects or materials. In common usage, the term may also refer to just the software components. Modern inventory control systems often rely upon barcodes and RFID tags to provide automatic identification of inventory objects. In an academic study performed at WALMART, RFID reduced Out of Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0.1 and 15 units a day. Inventory objects could include any kind of physical asset: merchandise, consumables, fixed assets, circulating tools, library books, or capital equipment. To record an inventory transaction, the system uses a BARCODE SCANNER or FRFID READER to automatically identify the inventory object, and then collects additional information from the operators via fixed terminals mobile computers Buffer inventory is required as: 1. Compensation for differences in the timing of supply and demand 2. Compensation for the uncertainties inherent in supply and demand 3. One or more stages in the operation cannot supply all the items it produces simultaneously 4. Material cannot be transported instantaneously between the point of supply and the point of demand (www.growingsmallbusiness.com) Today maintain inventory levels have become a tuff challenge. inventory not being managed would result in adverse manner where substantial expenses will incur.. Fortunately, there are management information systems that exist which use microcomputers and a variety of industry specific software. The cost of carrying inventory today has become a major expenditure and requires immediate attention. The benefits of inventory control far outweigh the costs. Any reduction in inventories, whether it is raw material, work-in-process, finished goods or supplies, can have a dramatic impact on your bottom line. Industry averages suggest that a 20 percent DETERIORATION in inventory is achievable with a computerized inventory control system. For a entity with a yearly sales volume of $1 million, such a reduction would result in savings of $14,400 per annum and would free up $48,000 of new dollars for reinvestment. For a entity with a yearly sales volume of $10 million, the figures are proportionately higher: $144,000 per year in savings and $480,000 in new dollars for reinvestment. 5 Task five Operations strategies that can be used for Tesco Basically retail industry involve in the business of sale of new or used goods to the end consumer for personal or household consumption purposes. Since the cut-throat competition is becoming tougher in retail space with increasingly growing supply and demand. In order to continuously improve on the processes and leverage on the core competencies, in the case of TESCO (OWN BRAND NAME AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE) there is a need for a foundation that provides accurate information wherever whenever require. This brings the need for the strategic management of supplies and inventory as far as retail industry is concerned. To change an in-store paper based environment of registering sales in retail shops to an online shopping environment, there is a need for integration would arise in order to enhance customer satisfaction, increase productivity and liberate sales from registering chores and extend market beyond traditional bounds. To sustain and over grow in the market place enriching category, item planning, streamlining product introductions and other business strategies alone will not be sufficient, nevertheless to improve the customer experience and further differentiate the brand real time visibility to sales and order status, in store kiosks, and service desk encasements and strategic technologies to track inventory have become the call. New efficiency I managing the stocks and collaborative forecasting and replenishment help ensure the product customers want are readily available on store shelves. For a leading retailer like Tesco inventory lying would be of great use since it holds on to substantial inventory levels that are associated with higher stock holding costs. Nevertheless risk of inventories being destroyed is also there resulting In disastrous effects. In contrast Tesco and Alton towers ltd are two extreme entities catering to different industries where Tesco is more physical assets and labor oriented whereas Alton is more or less into services.. In comparison both the entities have to have better control mechanism with efficient control over labor, resource management etc Project management and quality control Project Managers take decisions in planning and monitoring tasks and resources, control cost and budgets and identify and resolve issues associated with the project. To be successful the operation management should undertake the range of competing requirements for resources. The project managers must retain all levels of operation management by monitoring current projects in an aggregate form. They can provide the operation management tools and expertise to make informed decisions that improve the organization as a whole. Without a single point of project planning and control, decisions such as resource assignments and issue reorganization that are not effective. For an organization to accomplish project management successfully, they must organize the track for resource allocations throughout the organization. Compare and contrast between retail and service operations in the view of Tesco and Alton Ltd As far as the two entities are concerned Tesco would emphasize more on its product, distribution channels as well as employees working under the company. On top of that Tesco is currently maintaining strategic business units such as Tele communication, groceries, non food items and provision of financial services could be segregated from Alton Ltd which has one strategic business units operated in as a hotel and concerned on solely on providing customer friendly services in its theme park. In a broader scale Tesco with its chain of super markets operated in different geographical areas where activities would be concentrated based on its various economic factors, cultures etc nevertheless. Of its critical success factors namely brands, lower prices being maintained, and local approach for advertising and marketing will have to be maintained in order to operate at current capacity as well as future growth potential. CONCLUSION Concerning the facts included in the aforementioned report it can be concluded that Alton Ltd has future potential of having a steady growth in to the future whilst Tesco seems to be struggling to remain in Monopoly status through effective and efficient .operations management. On top of that it would be more appropriate Alton Ltd could further allocate the theme park separately for a certain age group and train the workers to undertake any jobs specialized to that particular area (area allocated to specific age group)also multi task capable workers would improve the efficiencies in the operations inside the park in a instance of absence of employee for a major task. Tesco will be required to minimize the regulation pressure currently confronted with and improve in customer base through innovative thinking such as launch of Tesco.com and maintaining better customer relations, Since Tesco is equipped with few strategic business units, its corporate level strategies are bound with these business units which will enable the company to evolve if the cooperate and business strategies are achieved through its effective operation management Better relationship with suppliers would enable Tesco to maintain economies of scale in an inflationary situation over its other key competitors. REFERANCES: (www.gorecroot.com) www.ims-productivity.com) www.ims-productivity.com

Albert Einstein Essays -- Essay s Papers

Albert Einstein Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm Germany. He lived there with his parents, Herman and Pauline. After a year in Ulm, due to the failure of his father's electrical and engineering workshop, the Einstein family moved to Munich (the capital of Bavaria), where after a year in residence there, Einstein's mother had Maja, Einstein's sister. Despite the fact that he was Jewish, from age five until age ten, Einstein attended a Catholic School near his home. But, at age 10, Einstein was transferred to the "Luitpold Gymnasium," where Latin, Greek, History, and Geography were pounded into childrens' heads. His parents wanted him to finish school, get his diploma so he could go to a University, and then become an electrical engineer. But Einstein had other Ideas for his future. Einstein's father wanted him to attend a university but he could not because he did not have a diploma from the Gymnasium. But there was a solution to this problem over the Alps, in Zurich, there was The Swiss F ederal Institute of Technology which did not require a diploma to attend. The one thing it did require was the applicant to pass an entrance exam. But then yet another problem arose, most scholars were 18 when they entered the institute, and Einstein was only 16. Einstein took the risk, and in the autumn he was dispatched over the Alps. Einstein took the exam, but did not pass. The principal of the school was impressed with his abilities, so he was admitted to the cantontal scho... Albert Einstein Essays -- Essay s Papers Albert Einstein Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm Germany. He lived there with his parents, Herman and Pauline. After a year in Ulm, due to the failure of his father's electrical and engineering workshop, the Einstein family moved to Munich (the capital of Bavaria), where after a year in residence there, Einstein's mother had Maja, Einstein's sister. Despite the fact that he was Jewish, from age five until age ten, Einstein attended a Catholic School near his home. But, at age 10, Einstein was transferred to the "Luitpold Gymnasium," where Latin, Greek, History, and Geography were pounded into childrens' heads. His parents wanted him to finish school, get his diploma so he could go to a University, and then become an electrical engineer. But Einstein had other Ideas for his future. Einstein's father wanted him to attend a university but he could not because he did not have a diploma from the Gymnasium. But there was a solution to this problem over the Alps, in Zurich, there was The Swiss F ederal Institute of Technology which did not require a diploma to attend. The one thing it did require was the applicant to pass an entrance exam. But then yet another problem arose, most scholars were 18 when they entered the institute, and Einstein was only 16. Einstein took the risk, and in the autumn he was dispatched over the Alps. Einstein took the exam, but did not pass. The principal of the school was impressed with his abilities, so he was admitted to the cantontal scho...